Drug Name Topamax

A detectable immune response, the allergic reaction, occurs. This can be of severe intensity, even at a low dose of the antigen. Four types of reactions can be distinguished: Type 1, anaphylactic reaction. Drug-specific antibodies of the IgE type combine via their Fc moiety with receptors on the surface of mast cells.
The ?-lactam ring can also be opened by bacterial enzymes (?-lactamases); in particular, penicillinase, which can be produced by staphylococcal strains, renders them resistant to penicillin G. (3) The antibacterial spectrum is narrow; although it encompasses many gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative cocci, and spirochetes, many gram-negative pathogens are unaffected.

 

Additional systemic effects (frequent diarrhea; risk of precipitating contractions of the gravid uterus) significantly restrict its therapeutic utility. Carbenoxolone (B) is a derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, which occurs in the sap of licorice root (succus liquiritiae). Carbenoxolone stimulates mucus production.
Gastric emptying is delayed (pyloric spasm) and drainage of bile and pancreatic juice is impeded, because the sphincter of Oddi contracts. Likewise, bladder function is affected; specifically bladder emptying is impaired due to increased tone of the vesicular sphincter.